Honeysuckle

The dark green leaves of this Honeysuckle are attractive, but...

The dark green leaves of this Honeysuckle are attractive, but...

There are many species in the honeysuckle family.  Identifying specific species can be difficult. Honeysuckles invade open woodlands, old fields and other disturbed sites. They can spread rapidly by birds and mammals dispersing the seeds and can form a dense understory thicket which can restrict native plant growth and tree seedling establishment. Several varieties were introduced from Asia in the 1800’s and were planted as ornamental shrubs or as food and cover for wildlife.  Who knew that they would spread so rapidly?

Privet

A bee visits the white flowers of a Privet shrub

A bee visits the white flowers of a Privet shrub

Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) is a tall shrub that can grow up to 16 feet high.  The shrub was introduced from Europe and is regarded as an “invasive species” that has escaped and established itself in Massachusetts woods and thickets.  The leaves are dark green, long, and narrow on both ends.  The fruits are hard, almost round berries.  The tubular white flowers are grouped at the tips of branchlets.
 
At this time of year, the Privet shrub in our yard is humming with the sound of pollen-gathering insects among the flowers.
 

Black-Eyed Susan

Flowers of the field and roadsides

Flowers of the field and roadsides

With all the rain and cool weather we have been experiencing lately, the grass is waist high in the meadows, and our fields are ripe with tiny wild strawberries.  We are “in between broods” of Bluebirds and it has been a treat to watch the young of the first brood, streaked brown like sparrows but with flashes of blue on their wings, splash in the puddles on our driveway.  It seems early to fiind the Black-Eyed Susan in the meadow, but there it is.  The flowers of the Rudbeckia have bright yellow rays that are notched at the tip.  The center is mostly brown and becomes more cone-shaped as the flower fades.  The leaves feel rough and have whitish hairs on both sides.

Veery Nestlings

Young Veery birds share a nest

Young Veery birds share a nest

The Veery is a bird of deep woods and moist thickets.  It builds its nest at the base of a shrub or mall tree, generally well-concealed by ferns and other vegetation,  The nest is woven from strips of grapevine and bark, weed stems, and roots, then lined with finer rootlets and grasses.  The four blue green eggs on this nest have now hatched.  The female Veery brings beetles, snails, and a variety of other insects and fruits to the young.

Partridgeberry Flowers

Tiny leaves, even smaller flowers

Tiny leaves, even smaller flowers

Most people associate Partridgeberry  (Mitchella repens) with Fall, glass bowls, and red ripe shiny berries.   That is when it is probably most easily recognized.  In the late spring, however, this low creeping plant produces pink or white flowers at the tips of branches.  The dark green evergreen leaves are shiny and rounded.  The scent of the flowers on a Partridgeberry mat on a warm sunny day is a delight, but be careful – bees like them, too.

Wild Rose

A pasture rose has its day in the sun.

A pasture rose has its day in the sun.

The Wild Rose or Pasture Rose (Rosa virginiana) is found on dry ground and upland pastures, moist to dry brushy thickets, and in swamps. It grows from six inches to three feet tall and is generally much-branched.  The pale pink flowers are two inches wide.  This plant is poking up between the branches of a re-sprouted blueberry bush that was cut level with the ground a several years ago.  Specific identifying features include:
* teeth on only the upper 3/4 of each leaflet
* minute glandular hairs on leaf stems
* mature stems a ruddy brown color
* straight prickles that are wide at the base
There are many different species of both wild and cultivated roses, so careful attention to physical plant details is important to accurate identification.  This one is a beauty, in any case.

Fawn Time

A spotted fawn at rest.

A spotted fawn at rest.

This is the time of year we look for spotted fawns in our meadows.  The young fawns of the White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are usually born in pairs in mid-May. It is amusing to watch the young fawns prance, jump, and gallop in the open fields.  Fawns are fully weaned at about 4 months but may run with the mother for nearly one year.  This is when they learn to eat twigs, shrubs, fungi, and acorns, as well as grasses and herbs in season – especially from our neighbor’s gardens!
 
Some deer facts:
 
* Deer are most active during the darkly lit periods before dawn and after dusk.
* Deer move to established feeding areas along well-traveled trails.
* Deer bed down after dawn, usually under cover
* Deer are good swimmers
* The four-part stomach of the deer allows them to feed on plant material that most other mammals cannot digest.
* Deer move into swampy areas during the winter, often seeking Hemlock groves.
* A young doe usually produces only one fawn the first time, but twins are the norm after that.
* The young fawns are left alone most of the day.  The female returns to feed  them once or twice a day.
* Twin fawns are often separated, which serves to protect them.
* Weaning begins between one and two and a half months.
 
In the photo above, a fawn rests on the property of the Kelly family in Dover-Foxcroft, ME.   My grand-daughter, Madeline Kelly writes: “A baby deer was left on our lawn. It’s mother and her other fawn crossed the road but this one stayed….but eventually the mother came back!!!! It was alot of fun to watch while it was here.”
 

Hop Clover

The Yellow Hop Clover

The Yellow Hop Clover

Our fields have white clover and red clover among the grasses.  These are readily distinguishable as clovers.  The Yellow Hop Clover (Trifolium agarium) grows more upright – up to 18 inches tall – and may be assumed to be a different kind of wildflower.  Look closely, though, and you will see small leaflets in the typical clover pattern of sets of three, with very short leaf stalks or attached directly to the tem.  The yellow flower clusters are more cylinder-shaped than rounded like the other clovers.   When the flower heads have ceased blooming, they turn brown.

Blue-Flag Iris

The wild Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) tends to form large clumps growing from thick, creeping underground structures called rhizomes.  Blue Flag is a waterside plant found along lake shores, pond edges, swamps, and wet meadows.  The leaves of the Blue Flag are flattened forming an overlapping  fan. The petals and sepals of the flower are spread out nearly flat. The flowers are violet blue and the three outermost parts are variegated with yellow and white with purple veining. The wild Blue Flag bloom from May to July.  The seed pod is a three-chambered capsule. 

The Blue Flag Iris grows in moist soils.

The Blue Flag Iris grows in moist soils.

 
Blue Flag makes a colorful garden plant.  It requires full sun, heavy rich organic soul, and constant moisture to a depth of about six inches.  Blue Flag is an ideal water garden plant with few insect pests or diseases.

WhoseNest Part2

Female Veery incubating eggs

Female Veery incubating eggs

 

After getting a few measurements, additional observations, and related anecdotal information, I concluded that the bird that made the nest is probably a Veery.  This was further confirmed by the photograph above.  Thanks again to the Kelly Family of Dover-Foxcroft, Maine for sharing.
 
The Veery (Catharus fuscescens) is smaller than a robin, with a cinnamon-brown color above, and faint spotting on a whitish breast.  The song of the Veery is a rich downward spiral often heard at dusk in moist woodlands and thickets.  The bird itself is seldom seen, although frequently – and umistakenly – heard.  Its diet consists of insects and fruit.
 
The nest of the Veery is a bulky cup of moss, plant fibers, twigs, bark strips, rootlets, weed stalks and leaves usually placed on the ground in a clump of grass and ferns. Occasionally, the Veery will build a nest a few feet above the ground in a shrub.  The pale blue-green eggs are oval shaped, smooth, with a slight gloss. The eggs are incubated by the female alone, 11-12 days.
 
On the East coast, the Veery breeds from Newfoundland southward to New Jersey, and in mountains to Georgia. It spends the winter months in South America.
 
Some Veery interesting facts:
 
* The Veery winters in Central and Southern Brazil
* The Veery is the only spotted thrush with uniformly cinnamon-colored upper parts, back of head to tip of tail.
* Occasionally, the Veery will build a nest a few feet off the ground in a shrub.
* A migrating Veery flies up to 160 miles in one night, at an altitude of 1.2 miles
* The eye ring of the Veery is not always easy to spot and is less distinct than that of the Hermit Thrush.
* The Veery is a frequent victim of the Brown-Headed Cowbird, which lays its eggs in the nest of a “host” bird.  The Veery makes no attemp to remove the Cowbird egg, and raises the “parasite” bird.
* Some sources say the bird can be lured into view by imitating the squeaking of a bird in distress.

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